重視單詞背誦 專(zhuān)家談應(yīng)對(duì)上海高考英語(yǔ)新變化

　　去年英語(yǔ)高考詞匯上的新變化，明顯對(duì)語(yǔ)言應(yīng)用能力提出了更高要求，必須多加注意——

　　去年高考英語(yǔ)， 詞匯的應(yīng)用發(fā)生了變化， 原本的單項(xiàng)選擇， 改為根據(jù)語(yǔ)篇，在所給的詞中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)脑~， 這樣的變化， 顯然對(duì)語(yǔ)言應(yīng)用能力提出了更高要求。

　　雖然我們現(xiàn)在已淡化了語(yǔ)法，不過(guò)，沒(méi)有扎實(shí)的語(yǔ)法基礎(chǔ)和足夠的詞匯量，就不可能正確使用語(yǔ)言。如果說(shuō)語(yǔ)言的學(xué)習(xí)像建造高樓大廈，那么，詞匯就相當(dāng)于磚瓦，語(yǔ)法則如同水泥，只有合理地結(jié)合或組合，才能建造出美麗堅(jiān)固的高樓大廈。

　　就現(xiàn)階段而言，應(yīng)該重視單詞的背誦和詞匯的記憶——盡管這是一件非常枯燥的事。高考詞匯手冊(cè)要天天背，同時(shí)要把高中階段的語(yǔ)法完整地復(fù)習(xí)一遍，因?yàn)楦咭弧⒏叨�所學(xué)的內(nèi)容，隨著時(shí)間的推移可能有遺忘，現(xiàn)在需要鞏固、提高。

　　當(dāng)你有了語(yǔ)法和詞匯基本的知識(shí)，接下來(lái)則是如何具體練習(xí)，下面從高考試卷中的語(yǔ)法選擇題進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)要分析

　　1、語(yǔ)法選擇題(Choices: Grammar)

　　在語(yǔ)法的學(xué)習(xí)中，比較重要的一部分是非謂語(yǔ)，它在高考中占的比率較大，其次是復(fù)句。語(yǔ)法的學(xué)習(xí)還要排除干擾項(xiàng)對(duì)語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用的影響。

　　(1)非謂語(yǔ)的學(xué)習(xí)要考慮時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)；——即：主動(dòng)、被動(dòng)；完成、進(jìn)行;

　　a. The book is said to have been translated (translate) into several languages。(完成，被動(dòng))b. Being watched (watch) by a large audience, she felt nervous。(被動(dòng)，進(jìn)行)c. Being exposed (expose) to the sun for a long time will do harm to your skin。(動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))d. He came in, his head hidden (hide) in his collar。(過(guò)去分詞)

　　(2)名詞性從句和定語(yǔ)從句的學(xué)習(xí)要弄清關(guān)系代詞的關(guān)系，關(guān)系副詞的功能和作用;

　　a. The reason which Mr. Smith explained to his manager for his delay in typing was that he was ill。(which-關(guān)系代詞作賓語(yǔ))；(that-關(guān)系代詞，引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句)

　　b. The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at what we thought was a dangerous speed。(what-關(guān)系代詞，介詞賓語(yǔ))

　　c. If a shop has chairs where women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop. (where——關(guān)系副詞，表地點(diǎn))

　　(3)干擾項(xiàng)的存在和句型結(jié)構(gòu)的變化引起的語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤; 該部分很重要，請(qǐng)觀察下列句子。

　　1. On hearing a great noise, Mike looked forward through the window ______(see) what happened outside the room。

　　a. to seeing  b. to see        c. seeing  d. saw(干擾項(xiàng)為through the window)

　　2. The day he was looking forward to ____ (come) at last.    (干擾項(xiàng)為he was looking forward to  定語(yǔ)從句)

　　a. come b. coming c. came         d. comes

　　3. Time should be made good use of __ (learn) our lesson well。

　　a. learning b. to learning       c. to be learning  d. to learn (句型發(fā)生變化——主動(dòng)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng))

　　4. Space exploration has been made ____ with the development of modern science。

　　a. possible b. it possible c. it was d. that being possible(結(jié)構(gòu)變化，賓語(yǔ)提前  space exploration)

　　5. The scientists and technicians overcame a lot of difficulties ____ the personal computer。

　　a. having developing b. they had developing c. they had developed d. which has to develop'(干擾項(xiàng)為they had，定語(yǔ)從句)

　　交大附中 高級(jí)教師 韓立新