高中英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)知識(shí)點(diǎn)詳解

　　漢語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)大多是通過(guò)副詞來(lái)表達(dá)的，而高中英語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)是靠動(dòng)詞的變化和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)來(lái)表達(dá)的。高中英語(yǔ)中的時(shí)態(tài)共有十六種，但是常考的或較常用的只有9種，而且重點(diǎn)測(cè)試完成時(shí)態(tài)。要掌握英語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)，必須掌握好高中英語(yǔ)中的助動(dòng)詞(do, be, have)和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)這兩個(gè)核心問(wèn)題。

　　一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

　　主要用來(lái)表示人、事物的現(xiàn)在狀況和特點(diǎn)；表示經(jīng)常或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)；  表示客觀規(guī)律和永恒真理等。

　　例句：

　　He usually goes to work at 7 o’clock every morning.

　　She has a brother who lives in New York.

　　The earth goes around the sun.

　　Guangzhou is situated in the south of China.

　　考點(diǎn)一：表示永恒的真理，即使出現(xiàn)在過(guò)去的語(yǔ)境中，仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

　　I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in  primary

　　school.

　　考點(diǎn)二：在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)；常用的引導(dǎo)詞有：

　　時(shí)間：when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/

　　the minute, the day;

　　條件：if, unless, provided.

　　If he accepts the job, he will get  more money soon.

　　考點(diǎn)三：在make sure (certain), see to it, mind, care, matter+賓語(yǔ)從句中，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。

　　So long as he works hard, I don’t mind when he  finishes the experiment.

　　只要他努力工作，我不介意他什么時(shí)候做完試驗(yàn)。

　　考點(diǎn)四：在the more… the more… (越……越……) 的句型中, 若主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí), 從句通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

　　The harder you study, the better results you will get.

　　現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

　　表說(shuō)話時(shí)或目前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的活動(dòng)：表感情色彩，加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。與頻率副詞，如always，constantly，continually，again等連用表示說(shuō)話人的某種感情色彩（贊嘆、厭煩、埋怨等）。

　　例句：

　　We are having English class.

　　The house is being  built these days.

　　The little boy is always making  trouble.

　　考點(diǎn)一：在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或條件狀語(yǔ)從句中表示將來(lái)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。

　　Look out when you are crossing the street.

　　Don't wake him up  if he is still sleeping at 7 tomorrow morning.

　　考點(diǎn)二：  表示在最近按計(jì)劃或安排要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作（這時(shí)多有表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）。

　　Marry is leaving on Friday.

　　現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

　　表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，完成在過(guò)去，但強(qiáng)調(diào)與現(xiàn)在情況仍有聯(lián)系，其結(jié)果或影響仍存在。

　　現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)有一些標(biāo)志性的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

　　考點(diǎn)一：for + 時(shí)間段；since + 時(shí)間點(diǎn)

　　They have lived in Beijing for five years.

　　They  have lived in Beijing since 1995.

　　I have learned English for ten  years.

　　考點(diǎn)二：常見(jiàn)的不確定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：lately; recently, just, already, yet,up to now; till now; so  far, these days,

　　Has it stopped raining yet ?

　　考點(diǎn)三：在表示“最近幾世紀(jì)/ 年/ 月以來(lái)……”時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

　　in the past few years/months/weeks/days；over the past few years; during the last three months; for the  last few centuries, through centuries; throughout history 等

　　考點(diǎn)四：表示“第幾次做某事，”或在 “It is the best (worst, most interesting ) +名詞+that” 后面跟現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

　　This is my first time that I have visited China.

　　This is the most interesting film I have ever seen.

　　That is the only book that he has written.

　　一般過(guò)去時(shí)

　　表在過(guò)去某個(gè)特定時(shí)間發(fā)生且完成的動(dòng)作，或過(guò)去習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，不強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，只說(shuō)明過(guò)去。常跟明確的過(guò)去時(shí)間連用，

　　如：yesterday; last week; in 1945, at that time; once; during the  war;

　　before; a few days ago; when

　　考點(diǎn)一：used to + do，表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常但現(xiàn)在已不再維持的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作。

　　to為不定式，后接動(dòng)詞原形。

　　be/become/get used to + doing，表示習(xí)慣于。

　　He used to smoke a lot.

　　He has got used to getting up  early.

　　考點(diǎn)二：在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，代替過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。

　　He promised to buy me a computer if he got a raise.

　　過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)

　　表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)或某段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。

　　例句：

　　The boy was doing his homework when his father came back from

　　work.

　　He was taking a walk leisurely by the lake when he heard someone

　　shouted for help.

　　What were you doing at nine last  night?

　　The radio was being repaired when you called me.

　　過(guò)去完成時(shí)

　　表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，即過(guò)去完成時(shí)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”，句中有明顯的參照動(dòng)作或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，這種時(shí)態(tài)從來(lái)不孤立使用

　　( before, after, by, up till )

　　例句：

　　There had been 25 parks  in our city up till 2000.

　　By the end of last term we had finished the  book.

　　They finished earlier than we had expected.

　　考點(diǎn)一：用于hardly/scarcely...when; no sooner ...than 句型中，主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。

　　I had hardly finished my work when he came to see me.

　　I had no sooner got into the room than it began to snow.

　　No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang. （注意主謂倒裝）

　　考點(diǎn)二：表示“第幾次做某事”，主句用過(guò)去時(shí)，從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。

　　That was the second time that she had seen her  grandfather.

　　It was three years since we had parted.

　　考點(diǎn)三：動(dòng)詞hope, expect, think, intend, mean, want, suppose, plan用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，表示未實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望、打算和意圖。

　　I had hoped that I could do the job.

　　I had intended to see you but I was too busy.

　　一般將來(lái)時(shí)

　　表在將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間會(huì)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況。常和tomorrow, next year, in 2008等表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，其表現(xiàn)形式多達(dá)5種。

　　例句：

　　Beijing will host the 29th Olympic Games in 2008.

　　考點(diǎn)一：一般將來(lái)時(shí)總是用在一些時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句或條件狀語(yǔ)從句的主句中

　　We will begin our class as soon as the teacher  comes.

　　（主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，從句中一定要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)替代一般將來(lái)時(shí)。）

　　考點(diǎn)二：某些表示短暫性動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞如arrive, come, go, leave, start等，用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)形式表示將來(lái)。

　　I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow.

　　考點(diǎn)三：“祈使句  + and/or + 句子”，這種結(jié)構(gòu)中and后面的句子謂語(yǔ)用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。

　　Use your head and you will find a way.

　　考點(diǎn)四：“am (is, are) going to + 動(dòng)詞原形”表示打算要做的事或可能要發(fā)生的事。

　　“am (is, are) about to +動(dòng)詞原形”表示按照預(yù)定計(jì)劃或打算準(zhǔn)備著手進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。

　　“am (is, are) to + 動(dòng)詞原形”表示必須、必然或計(jì)劃將要做的事。

　　They are to be married in this May.

　　將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)

　　表將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，或按計(jì)劃一定會(huì)發(fā)生的事情。

　　例句：

　　I’ll be doing my homework this time tomorrow.

　　The President will be meeting the foreign delegation at the airport.