英語高頻考點：語法手段

　　1. 通過改變句子結構或顛倒正常語序的手段來進行強調。

　　Happy are those who are content. 知足常樂。  Never will China be the first to use nuclear weapons. 中國決不會第一個使用核武器。  Across the river lies a newly-built bridge. 河上有一座新建的橋。  Hero as he is, he still remains modest. 盡管他是英雄，他仍然很謙虛。

　　2. 用助動詞do, does或did來強調謂語動詞。

　　Do come early. 一定早點來。  He does know Beijing well. 他的確熟悉北京。  He did tell me about it yesterday. 他昨天的確告訴了我這件事。

　　3．用修辭疑問句表示強調。

　　疑問句轉用作加強語氣的陳述句，稱之為修辭性疑問句。肯定的修辭疑問句其意義相當于強調的否定陳述句；而否定的修辭疑問句其意義則相當于強調的肯定陳述句。  Isn't it a modern school 難道這不是一所現代化的學校嗎？（= It is really a modern school.）  Can anyone doubt the truth of his statement 誰能懷疑他陳述的真實性？ (= Surely no one can  would doubt it.)  Aren't you ashamed of yourself 難道你不慚愧嗎？(= You should be ashamed of yourself.)  Who doesn't know the sun rises in the east 誰不知道太陽從東方升起？(＝Everyone knows the sun rises in the east.)

　　A. it引導的強調結構

　　“It is + 被強調部分 + thatwho + 句子其他部分”是使用最廣的強調句型。除了謂語動詞不能強調外，句子中其它成分，如主語、狀語、賓語或賓語補足語都可以用該句型中加以強調。

　　→用強調結構強調句子成分

　　1．強調主語  被強調的主語是人時，可用It iswas ... thatwho ...，但如果被強調的部分既包括人又包括物，只能用that。  He bought a camera yesterday.   -- It was he thatwho bought a camera yesterday. 是他昨天買了一架照相機。  The famous writer and his works have aroused great interest among the students.   -- It is the famous writer and his works that have aroused great interest among the students. 在學生中引起極大的興趣的正是這位著名作家以及他的作品。

　　注意：  強調“I”時謂語動詞的變化形式。  It is I who am to blame.  It is me who is to blame. 是我該受到責怪。（非正式文體）

　　2. 強調賓語  She helped me yesterday.   --It was me thatwhom she helped yesterday. 昨天她幫助的人是我。  They often talk about the school and the teachers.   --It is the school and the teachers that they often talk about. 他們經常談論的是學校和老師。

　　3. 強調賓語補足語  We elected him chairman of the meeting.   -- It was chairman of the meeting that we elected him. 我們選他是做會議的主席。  We painted the wall white. It was white that we painted the wall. 我們把墻漆成的是白色。  4. 強調狀語  英語中的狀語種類很多,一般都可以用It iswas ... that ...來強調。

　　①時間狀語  He left his hometown for Taiwan in his teens. 他十幾歲時就離開家鄉去了臺灣。  -- It was in his teens that he left his hometown for Taiwan. 他是在十幾歲時離開家鄉去臺灣的。  He let out the secret after the guest had gone away. 客人走后, 他說出了秘密。  -- It was after the guest had gone away that he let out the secret. 是在客人走后,他才說出了秘密。  提示：  如果強調由not…until till 引導的時間狀語時，要注意否定前移。  He didn't return to his hometown until after liberation.  -- It was not until after liberation that he returned to his hometown. 他是解放后才回到他家鄉的。

　　②頻率狀語  He comes to see me once in a while.   -- It is once in a while that he comes to see me. 他現在是偶爾來看看我。

　　③地點狀語  The car accident happened in this street yesterday.   -- It was in this street that the car accident happened yesterday. 昨天就是在這條街上發生了汽車事故。

　　④方式狀語  They took care of their sick mother by turns.   -- It was by turns that they took care of their sick mother. 他們輪流來照看生病的母親。

　　⑤目的狀語  He got up early to catch the early bus.   --It was to catch the early bus that he got up early. 是為了趕早班車，他才起得很早的。

　　⑥原因狀語  They could not cross the river because the water had risen.  -- It was because the water had risen that they could not cross the river. 正是由于水漲了，他們沒有渡過河去。  提示：  在強調結構It iswas ...that ...中，要用because來引導原因狀語從句，不用since或as。（見第11章 狀語從句）

　　⑦其他狀語  The tailor made a suit to my own measure.   -- It was to my own measure that the tailor made a suit. 裁縫是按我自己的尺寸做了一套衣服。

　　⑧with without 復合結構  “with without+名詞代詞+其他成分”這種結構，也可以放在It iswas ... that 中，成為被強調的部分。  He was waiting for his son at the gate, with an umbrella in his hand.    -- It was with an umbrella in his hand that he was waiting for his son at the gate. 他是手里拿著一把傘在門口等待著他的兒子。   She felt very nervous, with the teacher standing beside her. It was with the teacher standing beside her that she felt very nervous. 是有老師站在她旁邊，她才感到很緊張的。

　　It was at the railway station that we first met 16 years ago. 是在火車站我們16年前第一次相逢。

　　(強調句，強調地點狀語at the railway station)