每周一練：直接引語與間接引語

　　英語《直接引語與間接引語》

　　一、區(qū)別：直接引語指直接引用別人說的話，有引號。

　　間接引語指用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話。間接引語在多數(shù)情況下可構(gòu)成賓語從句且不要加引號。

　　二、要點：直接引語如果是陳述句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，用連詞that（可省略）引導，從句中的人稱、時態(tài)、指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語都要發(fā)生相應的變化。

　　三、引導詞的選擇及語序

　　1.陳述句：S + V + that + 陳述語序 (S + V)

　　"That is the trouble"， said Bill.

　　改為：Bill said ___________________________the trouble.

　　注意：that 可省略，但如果是兩個或兩個以上的賓語從句并列，則第二個that不可省略。

　　He told me (that) he had finished his work and that he would like to have a holiday.

　　2.一般疑問句：S + V + if / whether + 陳述語序 (S + V)

　　He asked， "Are you leaving tonight?"

　　改為：He asked us ___________________________leaving that night.

　　3.特殊疑問句：S + V + what / who / which / whose / when + 陳述語序 (S + V)

　　"Why did you lock the door?" father said to Anne.

　　改為：Father asked Anne ____________________________________the door.

　　四、時態(tài)的一致

　　1．    主句是過去時，變間接引語時，從句時態(tài)向"過去"退一步：

　　2．直接引語是客觀真理時，變成間接引語時時態(tài)不變：

　　The teacher said， "The earth goes round the sun."

　　改為：The teacher _________ _________ _________ _________ noise in the library.

　　3.直接引語中有明確表示過去時間狀語的，變成間接引語時時態(tài)不變：

　　Wei Fang said， "I was born in 1994."

　　改為：Wei Fang said _________ _________ _________ born in 1994.

　　4.直接引語前面的主句謂語是現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，變間接引語時，時態(tài)不變：

　　He says， "I have been married for 3 years."

　　改為：He said that _________ _________ _________ _________ for 3 years.

　　五、人稱及狀語的變化

　　1．人稱變化："一主二賓三不變"

　　（直接引語中若出現(xiàn)第一人稱則看主句主語，第二人稱看主句賓語，第三人稱無須變）

　　試觀察：

　　She said to him， "I am very hungry."

　　改為：She told him that she was very hungry.

　　She said to him， "You are very nice."

　　改為：She told him that he was very nice.

　　She said to him， "Lily is very nice."

　　改為：She told him that Lily was very nice.

　　2.狀語與限定詞變化："這這那那，來來去去"

　　"I put the key on this table yesterday." ---"He put the key on that table the day before."

　　六、綜合練習

　　（一）改寫句子（把直接引語改為間接引語）

　　1."I am having supper，" he said.

　　改為：He said that _________ _________ having supper.

　　2."I've seen the film，" Gina said to me.

　　改為：Gina _________ me that _________ _________ _________ the film.

　　3."I went home with my sister，" she said.

　　改為：She said that _________ _________ _________ home with her sister.

　　4.The teacher said， "The sun is bigger than the moon."

　　改為：The teacher said that the sun _________ bigger than the moon.

　　5."I met her yesterday，" he said to me.

　　改為：He told me thathe __________________ her _________ _________ _________.

　　6."You must come here before five，" he said.

　　改為：He said thatI _________ to go _________ before five.

　　7．"Were you born in 1979?" he said.

　　改為：He _________ me _________ I_________ born in 1979.

　　8．He said， "You can sit here， Jim."

　　改為：He _________ Jim that he _________ _________ _________.

　　9.He asked， "How did you find it， mother?"

　　改為：Heasked his mother __________________ _________ _________ it.

　　10."Where have you been these days?" he asked.

　　改為：Heasked me _________ _________ _________ been _________ days.

　　11."Do you know where she lives?" he asked.

　　改為：Heasked _________ _________ knew where she _________.

　　12."Keep quite， children."he said.

　　改為：He _________ the children _________ _________ quite.

　　13."Don't look out of the window，" she said.

　　改為：She _________ me _________ _________ _________ out of the window.

　　14."Are you interested in this?" he said.

　　改為：He __________________ I was interested in _________.

　　（二）句子翻譯：

　　1.湯姆說他2009年加入了這家駕駛俱樂部。

　　2.他告訴我他把書落在房間里了。

　　3.凱特問我當天晚上是否陪她看電影。

　　4.我的小學英語老師常說熟能生巧。

　　5.媽媽問我是怎么修好我的單車的。

　　6.老師讓學生們別浪費自己的時間。

　　7.她說她在等車的時候就讀完那本書了。

　　8.警察問那個人前天晚上他在公園里都干了些什么。

　　9.他說他求職時已經(jīng)告訴他們他的故事了。

　　10.將軍命令所有士兵馬上上前線。

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